Purpose of the Procedure:
Ovariectomy involves the removal of only the ovaries, primarily to prevent mating in older cats. Additionally, it is utilized for treating ovarian cysts and tumors. However, this procedure is not the most commonly chosen option. Opting for ovariectomy, where only the ovaries are removed while leaving the uterus intact, may increase the risk of uterine problems in the future.
This operation is typically performed when requested by the owner, especially if they specifically ask for it. On the other hand, Ovariohysterectomy involves the removal of both the ovaries and the uterus, aiming to spay female cats and dogs.
While it can be performed in sexually mature females, it is generally preferred for those who are physically developed.
Neutering female animals serves to prevent mating desires and pregnancies. Additionally, it is employed for treating conditions like ovarian cysts, metritis, and pyometra.
As a preventive measure in older animals, ovariectomy can also be used to reduce the risk of developing breast tumors, which may arise from cystic formations in the ovaries of female cats and dogs due to hormonal disruptions.
Preoperative Considerations:
Once the decision to proceed with the neutering operation has been made, it is crucial to assess the patient’s overall health condition in preparation for the procedure. This step is essential for evaluating the patient’s general well-being and ensuring their safety during anesthesia administration. To achieve this, a thorough examination of the patient’s blood values and other necessary tests should be conducted.
In cases where the operation is performed for treatment purposes (such as addressing uterine inflammation), any prescribed medications provided by the physician should be taken regularly leading up to the day of the operation.
If the patient has any known allergies to medications, it is imperative to inform the physician. Additionally, the patient should refrain from consuming food or drink within 12-24 hours prior to the operation. This precautionary measure will contribute to a smoother and more comfortable experience for the patient undergoing anesthesia.
Operation Technique:
Sterilization procedures are conducted in the patient’s preparation room, where sedatives are administered prior to the operation. Initially, the fur in the designated surgical area is shaved, followed by thorough disinfection using an antiseptic solution. Subsequently, the level of anesthesia is determined by the physician, and the area is covered with a sterile drape, preparing the patient for surgical intervention.
The operation may commence either from the area known as Fossa paralumbalis or along the middle abdominal line referred to as linea alba, depending on the physician’s preference. Once the abdominal cavity is opened and the right and left ovaries are identified, ligatures are applied, and the uterus and ovaries are excised through careful incisions. Muscles and skin are then sutured, completing the closure of the surgical site.
The most commonly favored method among those employed in the operation is Ovariohysterectomy.
Additionally, another technique known as Hysterectomy is utilized, involving the removal of solely the uterus to achieve neutering in female animals. This approach leaves one or both of the ovaries intact, allowing the female animal to maintain her sexual activities. However, due to the ongoing hormonal activity, particularly in cats, the female may remain in heat continuously. Nevertheless, even if a female pet were to mate, pregnancy would not be possible. In later stages, the likelihood of cyst formation in the ovaries is relatively high, making this method less preferred
Post-operative Considerations:
Antibiotic should be given to the patient after the operation. Does and time of antibiotic must be arranged according to the recommendation of the physician. After the operation, WinPet MedVest must be used because the patient will damage the operation area by licking and threading. Sudden movements, such as jumping, which may put a risk of healing process of the patient should be prevented. Painkillers can be used if it is necessary.
Full recovery is completed in about 10-12 days and then stitches can be removed.
Under normal circumstances, the patient will start eating 24 to 36 hours after the operation and continue its life as it used to be.
In the during of this period, In case of the patient has got bloating, redness, inflammation etc, the patient must be controlled by a doctor without wasting any time.
Post-operative Considerations:
After the operation, the patient should be administered antibiotics as prescribed by the physician. The dosage and timing of antibiotic administration must be in accordance with the physician’s recommendations. Additionally, it is crucial to use WinPet MedVest to prevent the patient from licking or tampering with the operation area. Avoiding sudden movements, such as jumping, is important to minimize any potential risks to the healing process. Painkillers may be utilized if deemed necessary.
Complete recovery typically takes about 10-12 days, at which point the stitches can be removed. In normal circumstances, the patient will start eating within 24 to 36 hours after the operation and resume its usual activities.
Throughout this period, if the patient experiences symptoms such as bloating, redness, or inflammation, it is imperative to promptly seek medical attention without delay.
Possible Postoperative Complications:
When proper sterilization, appropriate material usage, and consistent antibiotic and serum treatment are diligently administered during the operation, the risk of complications is very low.
However, it is important for the patient to avoid excessive and strenuous exercise. Stitches should be protected following the operation, and the MedVest should not be removed during the healing process to prevent the risk of wound dehiscence (sutures opening and internal organs protruding).
Due to changes in hormonal metabolism after the operation, there may be a tendency to gain weight. Therefore, the diet of the neutered patient should be reevaluated.
In some cases, there may be a reaction to the operation, though this is an exception. This reaction may manifest as changes in eating habits and a mild fever. These reactions typically last for 7-10 days, but they occur in only 1% to 2% of cases.
